• br Materials and methods br Results and

  2019-10-12

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Summary Acknowledgments We thank Muhammad Anwar for animal rearing and surgery. We also thank Michael M. Myers for editing. Finally, we thank David Hirschberg for his technical advice. Funding for this project was provided by the Einhorn Famil

• br STAR Methods br Microenvironmental niches for na ve

  2019-10-12

  

  STAR★Methods Microenvironmental niches for naïve and activated B cells Secondary lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, are structurally and functionally compartmentalized to provide a set of microenvironmental niches that support the survival of resting B cells, as well as the a

• An important role for the

  2019-10-12

  

  An important role for the precursor molecule of the main EBI2 ligand, 25-OHC, in the inhibition of inflammation was recently shown. 25-OHC was demonstrated to inhibit inflammasome induction in mouse macrophages [28]. Inflammasome assemblies are the sites of caspase 1 activation and lead to the gener

• br Chain specific ubiquitin probes The conventional

  2019-10-12

  

  Chain specific ubiquitin probes The conventional way of assessing linkage specificity is by measuring turnover rates of different diubiquitin molecules as substrates. Although this method has been applied successfully in several studies [7••, 8] it is limited to isolated DUBs, whereas linkage spe

• br Inhibition of DHODH The final products

  2019-10-12

  

  Inhibition of DHODH The final products 7a–n were assessed for their DHODH inhibitory activity on rat liver mitochondrial/microsomal membranes. A procedure adapted from the literature was employed (see Experimental), in which oxidation of DHO to ORO is monitored by following the concomitant reduct

• Clofarabine kinase br Materials and methods br

  2019-10-11

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion One novel finding in our study is that CK2 inhibition preserved axon function and structure in WM against ischemia. Consistent with these findings, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, myelin, and Clofarabine kinase were found to express CK2α. The robust e

• In the present study we investigated the effect

  2019-10-11

  

  In the present study we investigated the effect of morphine withdrawal on G-protein coupling to opioid and ET receptors in neonatal rats. Morphine-induced G-protein activation was significantly higher in neonatal rats undergoing morphine withdrawal; suggesting enhanced coupling of the receptors to G

• For this study we have used the intermediate

  2019-10-11

  

  For this study we have used the intermediate affinity mutant antigen HEL2× for immunization. However, we have observed a similar defect in the plasmablast differentiation of EBI2-deficient SWHEL Pyrintegrin pathway over a 10,000-fold affinity range by using WT HEL or the low-affinity mutant HEL3× (

• Mulan protein level is regulated with

  2019-10-11

  

  Mulan protein level is regulated with conditions that stimulate mitophagy such as treatment of Mouse HGF / Hepatocyte Growth Factor Protein (His Tag) with CCCP [12]. We found that exogenously expressed GFP-GABARAP and RFP-Mulan could co-precipitate and co-localize in mammalian cells and the degree

• By stratifying EOC cell lines according to their

  2019-10-11

  

  By stratifying EOC cell lines according to their EMT stages, we observed a significant higher expression of DDR1 in the epithelial-like cell lines compared to low or undetectable DDR1 in mesenchymal-like cell lines. Similar trend was observed in the tumour samples, with the lowest expression of DDR1

• We thank Dr Hongqiang Qin at Dalian

  2019-10-11

  

  We thank Dr. Hongqiang Qin at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences for technical assistance in mass-spectrometric analysis. We thank Prof. Quentin Liu at Dalian Medical University and Prof. Qiang Shen at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center for helpful discussion and comments. Dr

• CK enzymes belong to a

  2019-10-11

  

  CK1 enzymes belong to a conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases that plays an important and diverse role in vesicular trafficking, DNA repair, TNF-alpha, recombinant murine protein progression and cytokinesis in organisms from yeast to humans [15]. In multicellular organisms CK1 enzyme

• br Results br Discussion In this paper we present

  2019-10-10

  

  Results Discussion In this paper we present insights into the observed specificities of inhibitors targeting the ubiquitin-activating and related E1 FPS-ZM1 via crystal structures of the specific NEDD8-E1 inhibitor MLN4924, the dual NEDD8/Ub E1 inhibitor ABPA3, and the selective Ub-E1 inhibit

• Real time PCR as described previously with minor modificatio

  2019-10-10

  

  Real-time PCR, as described previously with minor modifications, was used to detect DNA . The PCR mixture (Qiagen) was as follows: 5mM MgCl2, 2.5μl of 10x PCR Buffer, 0.125μl of HotStarTaq DNA Polymerase, 0.25mM of each dNTP, 0.4μM of each primer and 0.1μM of FAMlabelled probe (‘5-aacaattggagggcaag

• It has been shown that DAPK

  2019-10-10

  

  It has been shown that DAPK induces cell death through an increase in DAPK catalytic activity and subsequent phosphorylation of target proteins (Shang et al., 2005, Yamamoto et al., 2002), but its multidomain structure enables also a close physical interaction with other proteins (Bialik and Kimchi,

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