• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Pregnancy

  2022-04-11

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Pregnancy brings forth significant metabolic reprogramming that induces a number of metabolic changes to ensure that the nutrient requirements of the mother and fetus are met [[1], [2], [3]]. These adaptations change radically over the period of pregnancy dependin

• In vitro studies suggest that the increase

  2022-04-11

  

  In vitro studies suggest that the increase in Hx activity seen in normal pregnancy may contribute to the down-regulation of the vascular expression of Angiotensin II receptor 1 thereby promoting a relaxed and dilated maternal vascular bed [25]. It has further been suggested that the decreased Hx act

• Treatment and control for IBD are targeted to identify and

  2022-04-11

  

  Treatment and control for IBD are targeted to identify and eliminate the cause if possible, decrease intestinal inflammation, reduce diarrhea and vomiting, improve appetite, and promote weight gain. Methods include dietary manipulation with or without concurrent medical therapy such as corticosteroi

• Unlike many interacting proteins NRG was the

  2022-04-11

  

  Unlike many interacting proteins, NRG1 was the only one observed to undergo cleavage by NS3/4A. NRG1 is one of four proteins in the neuregulin family that act on the ErbB member of the EGFR (EGF receptor) family. NRG1 has several isoforms produced by alternative splicing of pro-NRG1, which allows it

• Introduction Hepatitis C virus HCV is

  2022-04-11

  

  Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small (50–80 nm in size) enveloped RNA virus belonging to the Hepacivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family [1]. The HCV particle consists of a nucleocapsid, which contains the positive single-stranded RNA genome covered by a host cell-derived lipid envelope

• Ning et al showed that LPC appeared to increase insulin

  2022-04-11

  

  Ning et al. showed that LPC 18:1 appeared to increase insulin release through both GPR119-dependent and -independent mechanisms (Ning et al., 2008). In our study, we have shown that not only GPR119 but also GPR40 and GPR55 participate in LPC-stimulated insulin secretion (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) and target p

• br Materials and methods br

  2022-04-11

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Conflict of interest Introduction In the presence of continuous and excessive levels of nutrients, adipocytes become hypertrophic and release several pro-inflammatory adipocytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protei

• A linker length of and

  2022-04-11

  

  A linker length of 4 and 5 atoms was found to be optimal ( and ) compared to the only weakly active compounds with longer linkers ( and ) or the inactive compounds with shorter linker chains (–). In a next step incorporation of hetero-atoms in the linker was explored (). An amide linker as in and d

• The timing and growth of

  2022-04-11

  

  The timing and growth of follicles relative to follicle deviation was assessed in 49 cows (Fig. 4) that had NFWE following treatment onset and that had not already established dominance. Because day of deviation did not differ due to treatment, day of estrous cycle, or replicate, data are presented

• Additionally OsGly I overexpressing transgenic rice plants

  2022-04-11

  

  Additionally, OsGly I-overexpressing transgenic rice plants had higher grain yields than WT (Table 2). Although there were no significant differences in the number of effective panicles per plant, panicle length, grain numbers per panicle, or 1000-grain weight between WT and transgenic plants, the s

• Excessive extracellular glutamate can be removed from brain

  2022-04-11

  

  Excessive extracellular glutamate can be removed from WY-14643 interstitial fluids to the blood plasma for the maintenance of proper extracellular glutamate homeostasis in the mammalian central nervous system [[5], [6], [7]]. The glutamate concentration in the blood plasma increases in case of isch

• Fatty acids have been repeatedly shown to

  2022-04-11

  

  Fatty acids have been repeatedly shown to increase the responsiveness of pancreatic islets to glucose both in vitro and in vivo[6]. The recent identification of GPR40 as a receptor for free fatty acids that is localized to the pancreatic islet cells has therefore stimulated interest in obtaining sma

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments

  2022-04-09

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We would like to thank Dr. Xiping Cheng for help with the immunohistochemistry staining, Qi Su for help with gene expression analysis, and Dr. Chaoying Liang at the UTSW Genomics Microarray Core facility for assistance on RNA-seq. W.-H.L. was supported by grant awa

• In the small intestine digestion and absorption of the nutri

  2022-04-09

  

  In the small intestine, digestion and PIK-III synthesis of the nutrients are the next processes with an impact on the resulting plasma profile. Normally, neither carbohydrate digestion nor absorption are limiting factors, which is illustrated by the rapid and extensive absorption of glucose in condi

• br Ghrelin Ghrelin was purified from

  2022-04-09

  

  Ghrelin Ghrelin was purified from rat stomach about twenty years ago as a 28-amino meclozine octanoylated peptide and shown to be the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor (now termed GHSR1a, Howard et al., 1996, Kojima et al., 1999). GHSR1a is a 7-transmembrane rece

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