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Aurora A overexpression is also
2024-02-02
Aurora-A overexpression is also related to the activation of NF-κB, a potent anti-apoptotic effector that may play a role in preventing apoptosis in cancer NVP-BEP800 [18]. These data show that we are still at the beginning of unraveling the complex mechanism by which these gene products and prote
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AP activation is known to upregulate downstream target genes
2024-02-02
AP-1 activation is known to upregulate downstream target genes including Free Fatty Acid Quantification Colorimetric/Fluorometric Kit D1, c-myc, Bcl-xl, MMP-9, EGFR, and specific miRNAs that are involved in progression and metastasis of tumors. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase-2 has been shown as
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The neural circuitry involved in the
2024-02-02
The neural circuitry involved in the production of the EOD, its modulations, and in the sensory processing of communication signals has been well characterized (Bell and Maler, 2005; Chacron et al., 2011; Krahe and Maler, 2014; reviewed in Metzner, 1999). Pacemaker cells located in the pacemaker nuc
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The accumulation of oxidized low density lipoprotein oxLDL i
2024-02-02
The accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is one of the many causes of the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis (Virmani et al., 2002; Pirillo et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2016; Tabas, 2010). oxLDL-induced apoptosis of macrophages contributes to the forma
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LIMKi 3 There is a delicate balance between ROS
2024-02-02
There is a delicate balance between ROS generation and scavenging by the protective antioxidant defenses in the cell. Antioxidant systems present in the LIMKi 3 include enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalases, glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) and peroxiredoxins (PRxs) (Fig. 3) [38]. SODs a
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TUNEL assay Apoptotic DNA fragmentation in cells
2024-02-02
TUNEL assay. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation in Betaine was measured using a commercially available TUNEL assay kit (Thermo Fisher). Frozen cells were fixed with 10% paraformaldehyde/PBS. Apoptosis was determined by staining the 3′-OH ends of fragmented DNA with biotin-dNTP using DNA I klenow fragment
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Overexpression of AR in a
2024-02-01
Overexpression of AR in a transgenic mouse model leads to a capsular cataract phenotype involving proliferation and formation of a fibrotic plaque of cells reminiscent of cells at the posterior ochratoxin a mg in PCO [17]. To investigate the molecular mechanism that could link AR expression to this
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br Expression of adiponectin mRNA in chickens We first
2024-02-01
Expression of adiponectin mRNA in chickens We first sought to determine the nucleotide sequence of the chicken adiponectin cDNA. The open reading frame of the chicken adiponectin cDNA consists of 735 nucleotides that was 65–68% homologous to various mammalian adiponectin cDNAs (Maddineni et al.,
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br Functional consequences of ADK regulation
2024-02-01
Functional consequences of ADK regulation on neuronal excitability Adenosine modulates neuronal excitability via activation of the high affinity A1 or A2A, low-affinity A2B, or low abundance A3 adenosine receptors that feed into a multitude of different neuronal and astrocytic pathways (Blum et a
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Ethanol can affect biological systems directly or also
2024-02-01
Ethanol can affect biological systems directly, or also through the interactions between these systems, which become important in the actions promoted by alcohol consumption. Its metabolites acetaldehyde and acetate play a key role in the geldanamycin mediating some effects of ethanol (Israel et al
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In an effort to determine if one ARI was
2024-02-01
In an effort to determine if one 5ARI was more effective than the other, the Enlarged Prostate International Comparator Study (EPICS) [17] compared treatment with finasteride and dutasteride in 1630 men over the age of 50 and concluded that after one year of treatment, both groups had statistically
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The Kelch like ECH associated protein
2024-02-01
The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nrf2 signaling pathway functions as one of the key regulator of the cellular defense system against oxidative stress [26]. Nrf2 is a redox-sensitive transcription factor, that is sequestered in the cytoplam by binding to Keap1; however, under oxidative
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br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Phosphatidic acid
2024-02-01
Conflicts of interest Introduction Phosphatidic Metoprolol Succinate phosphatase (PAP) enzymes are responsible for catalyzing the reaction that dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid (PA), which in turn produces diacylglycerol (DAG) and a phosphate group during phospholipid regulation (Fig. 1A) [
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The analysis of the profile of protein phosphorylation in
2024-02-01
The analysis of the profile of protein phosphorylation in MMS-treated Cyclic di-GMP synthesis confirmed that both the ATM and ATR pathways were activated in S-phase blocked cells. Interestingly, phosphorylation of Chk1 was observed 24h after MMS-treatment both in AT- and ATM-inhibited cells, whilst
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We also show that in both ATM
2024-02-01
We also show that in both ATM proficient and deficient/mutant Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone the activation of ATR signaling is DSB complexity-dependent (Figs. 1, 4A, C and E, 6A and B). Wang et al. have also reported that the effects of ATR and CHK1 on radiosensitivity are independent of the NHE
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