• Injurious effects of cigarette smoke CS on human health

  2021-01-06

  

  Injurious effects of cigarette smoke (CS) on human health are progressively being acknowledged both in animal and human studies. CS is a highly complex mixture that contains substantive amounts of toxic oxidants, nitric oxide, organic compounds, free radicals and microbial cell components including

• br Acknowledgements We thank A Devia Barros and S

  2021-01-05

  

  Acknowledgements We thank A. Devia-Barros and S.A. Barrios Latorre for invaluable technical support during the collection, maintenance and exposure of oysters. We are, furthermore, grateful to the municipal marina of Santa Marta for authorizing access to their facilities and to A. Franco for faci

• Our data supports the conclusion that the exonuclease

  2021-01-05

  

  Our data supports the conclusion that the exonuclease activity thought to be intrinsic to Artemis is not a component of the Artemis polypeptide. Many possibilities exist to explain the presence of the exonuclease activity in less-pure fractions of Artemis. It is possible that the exonuclease is simp

• br Materials and methods br

  2021-01-05

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Tuberculosis is caused by the mycobacterium M. tuberculosis, a pathogen able to survive in the hostile conditions through sophisticated defence mechanisms. In an attempt to clarify some aspects of the M. tuberculosis defence mechanisms, we have inves

• The proliferation of CCA cell lines can be stimulated by

  2021-01-05

  

  The proliferation of CCA cell lines can be stimulated by estrogen and other growth factors (Alvaro et al., 2006; DeMorrow, 2009; Mancino et al., 2009). It has also been reported that estrogen positively modulates cholangiocyte proliferation, which is associated with cholangiopathies found in humans

• Our work raises the question of how a mechanism for

  2021-01-05

  

  Our work raises the question of how a mechanism for control of developmental potency based on TEs might have evolved. Active TEs are under acute surveillance by cellular pathways that minimize transposition, including by Kap1 (Rowe et al., 2010). In part because of this, and in part because of a los

• br Conclusions br Conflicts of interest

  2021-01-05

  

  Conclusions Conflicts of interest Research funding This work was financially supported by Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (No. 16431903800). Main Text Developmental processes make usage of a surprisingly limited number of morphogens and signaling components to control a ple

• The interaction of EPAC with

  2021-01-05

  

  The interaction of EPAC2 with Rim1 has an important role in regulating neurotransmitter release. In addition, a recent EPAC2 knockout mice model study provides evidence that EPAC2 promotes transmitter release by maintaining the readily releasable pool (RRP) at mossy fiber (MF) synapses in the hippo

• EBI and its ligand s EBI was found in

  2021-01-05

  

  EBI2 and its ligand(s) EBI2 was found in a screen of upregulated genes in human B cells upon infection with EBV [1]. EBI2 is a G-protein (Gαi type) coupled receptor [2] but as long as 18 years after its discovery the nature of its ligand remained undisclosed. With the help of transfected cell lines

• br Acknowledgments This work was supported by

  2021-01-05

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 81501485). We are particularly grateful to Dr. Dan Yang and Dr. Yi Zhang for their assistance and facilities in helping this experiment and manuscript. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common malig

• br Conclusion br Introduction Interleukin IL

  2021-01-05

  

  Conclusion Introduction Interleukin (IL)-18 [1] is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family activating corner stones of inflammatory signaling, among others nuclear factor (NF)-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Striking similarities exist between IL-1β and IL-18 including processing by

• br Discussion Cytomegalovirus CMV is a herpes virus

  2021-01-05

  

  Discussion Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpes virus that causes primary infection in normal hosts and re-activation infection in compromised hosts with impaired CMI, e.g., organ transplants. Following primary infection, which may be severe, CMV becomes latent in lymphocytes. Reactivation may occur

• Mohan et al found no improvement of the strength

  2021-01-05

  

  Mohan et al. [8] found no improvement of the strength of the bricks due to addition of waste RHA. Hossain et al. [9] collected RHA from a local rice mill, where rice husk was burnt in an uncontrolled environment, and then used for replacement of clay in brick production. With inclusion of RHA water

• br Transparency document br Introduction

  2021-01-05

  

  Transparency document Introduction The cyclic nucleotide adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) exerts both an endothelium-dependent and an endothelium independent vasorelaxant action in rat SR 1664 [1]. cAMP direct, endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effects have been attributed to se

• In the present study we found that the

  2021-01-05

  

  In the present study, we found that the up-regulatory effects of androgens on ep1 transcripts might be mediated by Arα in the olfactory rosette of B. sinensis. However, in mammals, there is no evidence of AR expression in either the vomeronasal organ or the sensory epithelium of main olfactory epith

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